American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standards related to soils are categorized under ASTM D18. This section covers various aspects of soil testing and characterization. Some key standards within ASTM D18 include:

ASTM D421 – Standard Practice for Dry Preparation of Soil Samples for Particle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Constants: This standard outlines procedures for preparing soil samples for particle-size analysis and other soil tests.

ASTM D422 – Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils: This method provides procedures for determining the particle-size distribution (gradation) of soils including coarse-grained and fine-grained soils.

ASTM D698 – Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3)): This standard specifies methods for determining the maximum and minimum dry densities and the moisture-density relationships of soils using standard compaction procedures.

ASTM D854 – Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer: This method covers the determination of the specific gravity of soil solids by means of a water pycnometer.

ASTM D1557 – Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2,700 kN-m/m3)): Similar to ASTM D698, this standard specifies methods for determining the maximum and minimum densities and moisture-density relationships of soils using modified compaction procedures.

ASTM D2434 – Standard Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils (Constant Head): This method covers the determination of the coefficient of permeability for the flow of water through granular soils.

ASTM D2487 – Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System): This practice provides a standardized system for classifying soils for engineering purposes based on their physical and chemical properties.

ASTM D4318 – Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils: This standard covers the determination of the liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index of soils.

These standards are crucial for various applications in geotechnical engineering, construction, agriculture, and environmental sciences, providing standardized methods for soil testing and characterization.